Socioeconomic Class and the History of South Africa :: African Africa History

Financial Class and the History of South Africa In any chronicled account sex, race, financial class and a lot more issues are intently interlaced. Indeed, to attempt to isolate them would be difficult as well as a plausible errand on the grounds that the subsequent record, albeit maybe clear, would be, best case scenario just halfway. Notwithstanding, while thinking about the historical backdrop of Southern Africa, the most incorporating record would be that of financial class. The intentions behind the chronicled occasions of Southern Africa have been firmly financial, regardless of whether the thought processes at that point evoked racial or sexual orientation based issues. In this manner, in the event that one needed to pick an approach to see South African history, it ought to be financially. The inspiration for colonization was financial. It in the long run turned out to be all the more financially proficient for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to assemble its own port than to keep exchanging with Africans on its approach to Eastern Asia (Ross, 21). Dealings among pilgrims and Africans depended on economics, regardless of whether the association was purchasing and selling cows and sheep or a contention over the measure of land that pioneers were taking from the Xhosa. For Africans, utilizing a lot of land for nibbling one’s steers was an image of high status since it implied that you had numerous dairy cattle to eat and that you could secure a lot of land (Ross, 22). The settler’s intrusion was a financial blow. Likewise, the Great Trek was caused on the grounds that Afrikaaners felt that they didn't have the financial status they wanted. Their property was being separated into little pieces, so they concluded it is smarter to go out and find other land than to keep on living as they were in the lower class. This was no mass development of the â€Å"Afrikaaner People,† yet just various little gatherings embarking to guarantee â€Å"free† land for themselves (Ross, 39). The wars between the Africans and Trekkers at these occasions were battled as the Africans understood that these individuals were coming to remain on their region, and as the Trekkers understood that they would need to murder to keep the land they expected to make sure about riches (Ross, 40).

Health and Safety Processes at Work: Chemical Hazards

Wellbeing and Safety Processes at Work: Chemical Hazards France Ogagarue Overseeing Health and Safety Process at Work Point: Chemical Hazards 1.0 Introduction Compound Hazard under the (WHS Directives) is any material, blend or article that fulfills theâ criteria of one or extra globally orchestrated arrangement of class and classificationâ of synthetic risks classes, including (WHS Directives in plan area 6 of the order) in comparative with concoction, a substance danger is a lot of normal properties of the material, blend article or procedure that may make horrible impact the living beings, network or situations. (WHS Directives) investigation further, there are two principle sorts of synthetic risks associated with risky synthetic substances, which may introduce a moment or long haul harm or wellbeing disease to laborer prosperity and animal. The two primary kinds of concoction risks are named follows. As per (WHS Directives) wellbeing dangers, this are properties substance that contain the possibility to cause troublesome wellbeing impact, for models, introduction much of the time happen all through inward breath, and skin contacts or ingestion, negative wellbeing impact can been either, (intense present moment) or (constant long haul) great intense wellbeing impacts include migraines, spewing or skin rot, while ceaseless wellbeing impacts involve dermatitis, nerve harm, malignant growth and asthma. Further assessment from (WHS Directives) physicochemical dangers, this are physical or substance properties of the material that blend or article that misrepresentation dangers to specialist wellbeing, and other than wellbeing dangers, they don't emerge as aftereffect of the natural contact of the concoction with people groups. They emerge all through inadmissible taking care of or utilize and can as often as possible impacts in harm to people groups and additionally damage to properties as impact of the natural physical peril, models, of physicochemical dangers contain dangerous, destructive or combustible, in this manner, artificially receptive and oxidizing synthetic compounds both have wellbeing and physiochemical perilous. The board Intervention Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. second ed. (1979) concoction investigation the job of the board intercession must included hazard evaluation under (WHS Directive) in spite of the fact that it’s essential for explicit circumstance, for models, when working with dangerous compound materials. Nonetheless, the board however in numerous circumstance it will be the best method to build up the measure that must be actualize to control dangers and dangers in the work environment including the earth, (EMS-ISO 4001) BS. What's more, the board mediation will help the accompanying for models. Perceive which laborer prosperity, are in danger to concoction risks introduction Build up which sources and procedure are causing the concoction dangers and dangers Sort what sort of control and observing measure ought to be execute Check of the effectiveness of the current control measure and observing frameworks set up At the point when the dangers and the related dangers are surely understand, and have well be set up and set up reasonable satisfactory control measure to screen the perils substance chance in the workplaces, the hazard evaluation should likewise pass judgment on foreseen disappointment of plant and apparatus tooling types of gear, just as any extra control measure to keep away from the risks concoction danger of laborers, network and the earth issue in accordance with (EMS-ISO 4001) BS. 1.2. The board Best Practice Hilado, C.J. Click. Natural Solvent, Chem. Eng, NY, (1972), (19), (75-80) convictions, the executives must actualize their best security practice to mediate regarding (WHS Directives. R. 330) to guarantee the maker or the merchant must place by and by a wellbeing image of security date sheet for the dangerous substance before starting created or import unsafe concoction or as fast as best practicable after the underlying created or import and before beginning flexibly, to any work place. Along these lines, the maker or the shipper of the perilous concoction must flexibly state-of-the-art the wellbeing information sheet for the dangerous substance. 1.3 Labels NIOSH OSHA Product Guide to Chemical Hazards, (NIOSH) September (1978), Public, No, (78) investigation, the maker and the shipper of a dangerous synthetic must guarantee it’s appropriately name as fast as best practicable, after created or bringing in the perilous concoction substances under (WHS Directive. R. 335), dangerous concoction data will be available from the name, some item marks don't encase every compound peril data, and for example all risks compound substances that are perilous merchandise are full marked to meet wellbeing transport prerequisites. Underneath certain instances of wellbeing dangerous synthetic mark alerts and the sorts of unsafe perils you can essentially recognize. Combustible Acute Toxicity Warning Human Health Corrosive Sources: Http://www.HSG 65 1.4 Control Measure Delegate, N. Hughes, Hazards in the Workplace, (1978) investigation the pecking order of control of perils concoction promptly accessible in an amount of approaches to control the dangers related with risky synthetic substances, a few machines control measure are extra powerful than others, control measure can been rank beginning the most significant levels of resistance and constancy to the least levels. These positioning is perceived as the chain of importance of control measure and checking frameworks. The executives of dangers compound substance, should consistently expect to take out a perils and related dangers introductory, if these isn't sensibly best practicable, the dangers ought to be limited by methods for one or the accompanying methodology procedures either by for models, the followings. By Substitution. By Isolation and, By actualizing building control monitors. On the off chance that a hazard, at that point extras, it must be limited by execute a managerial control measure in places, so far as is sensibly best practicable methods, any extra dangers must be limited with proper individual defensive gear (PPE). In outline it’s prudent to actualize neighborhood exhaust ventilation frameworks to capture airborne sullying substance that will make dangerous concoction hurt laborers prosperity, working condition and the network the ventilation must be in security request to stop defilement of compound substance hurt from approaching contact toward the breathing zone according to the laborers wellbeing and wellbeing. 1.5 Conclusion In word related wellbeing and security, synthetic peril is any material that has be blend or article of distinction mix of concoction substance, under (WHS Directive) that can prompt reason mischief to prosperity of laborers wellbeing and wellbeing at the working spot and conditions or the network all in all. The wellbeing impact from perilous compound can add to either intense present moment or incessant long haul wellbeing impacts; along these lines, chance evaluation is vital for a particular circumstance to deal with the dangers synthetic substance inside the working spot to perceive which specialist in danger to unsafe concoction. In this way, chain of command of control proportion of dangers concoction issue have be actualizes in the working spot to screens and limited the dangers level of laborers open to the above perils, the dangers control measure must intend to wipe out the dangers and risks related the compound substances either by the accompanying ways, by replacement, s eclusion or executing building or an authoritative control measure including the utilization of suitable individual defensive gear (PPE)

Surprising Research Results

Surprising Research Results Perhaps the most interesting research is the work that surprises, startles, and really makes you think. On the train on the way back from a conference at Princeton, I read two articles in todays New York Times which discussed just that kind of research from MIT. The first article, about genomics research, had the following teaser on the front page: A Later Split From Chimps?The split between the human and chimpanzee lineages may have occurred millions of years later than fossil bones suggest, and the break may not have been as clean as humans might like. The study from the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard was headed up by David Reich (also an assistant professor in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School) and Nick Patterson (the first author) was published in this weeks issue of the journal Nature. The Times has a very good explanatory graphic: Its definitely worth reading more: Broad press release News @ Nature Nobel Intent blog (with interesting discussion) New York Times article The second article dealt with economics research on the controversial topic of executive compensation. Professors Xavier Gabaix of the Economics department at MIT and Augustin Landier of the Stern School of Business at New York University went beyond the hype to see what is really going on with salaries of CEOs in the Fortune 500. Heres a bit from the article: [Professors Gabaix and Landier] suggest that the higher salaries for chief executives can largely be explained by increases in the value of the stock market. Viewed as a whole, the salaries are a result of competitive pressures rather than the exploitation of shareholders. Their core argument is simple. If we look at recent history, compensation for executives has risen with the market capitalization of the largest companies. For instance, from 1980 to 2003, the average value of the top 500 companies rose by a factor of six. Two commonly used indexes of chief executive compensation show close to a proportional sixfold matching increase (the correlation coefficients are 0.93 and 0.97, respectively; 1.0 would be a perfect match). This work also merits further reading. Check it out: The papers abstract The entire paper [PDF] Marginal Revolution blog (with interesting discussion) New York Times article [more updates omnibus soon]

Essay on Kevin Rudds Apology Analysis - 1179 Words

Analysis: Aspect One Kevin Rudd’s apology was to the Aboriginals; but in particular, to the Stolen Generations. From 1909-1969, the Australian Government forced a policy know as assimilation upon the Aboriginals. Assimilation is the forced integration of minority groups onto the dominant society. Inhumane acts were inflicted upon these proud people because of the ‘Aborigines Protection Board’ which entailed that the Australian Government had full rights to forcibly remove half-caste children from Aboriginal care without parental consent nor a court order. When the Australian Government passed these laws of discrimination against the Aborigines, they never thought of them as human beings but rather an inferior race that had to be taken†¦show more content†¦This is why we said sorry. There is a famous Australian film called â€Å"The Rabbit Proof Fence† released in 2002 and is based on the book â€Å"Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence† written by Doris Pilkington Garimara to tell the story of the Stolen Generations from the Aboriginal point of view. It is based on the true story of the events of the author’s mother’s life and raises awareness of the plight of the Stolen Generations. The film follows three young â€Å"half-caste† girls. Molly Craig, 14, her sister Daisy, 8 and their cousin, Gracie, 10, were living peacefully in Jigalong, Western Australia. In the opening of the film, the three girls are learning how to hunt for lizards by their mother. It highlights the traditional Aboriginal culture in contrast with the Western culture (shown later in the film). When the children arrive back home, they are carefully observed by a police officer from afar. They are seen chatting to a man who is working on one of three rabbit proof fences. These fences were 3,253 kilometres in length and spans across Western Australia. It is here that we learn Molly’s father is white and has left their mother to work on another section of the rabbit proof fence. Suddenly, a white constable, under the command of the Chief Protector of Aborigines, A.O Neville, arrives and forces the three girls in an automobile with their family chasing after the carShow MoreRelatedIndigenous Speeches Research Essay798 Words   |  3 PagesSpeeches are an iconic and widely used means of expression for our political leaders, particularly when discussing issues of i mportance such as Indigenous Australia. Paul Keating’s ‘Redfern Speech’ and Kevin Rudd’s ‘Apology to Australia’s Indigenous Peoples’ are the two political speeches which I will be analysing in this paper. The structure of this paper will follow the Cultural Competency Framework as a means for exploring the above stated speeches. This framework moves through knowledge; informedRead MoreIdentification and Description of the Influences and Discourses Surrounding the Development of Different Educational Curricula1361 Words   |  6 Pagespolitically-motivated language and emphasis for social equity and social justice further enforced, then prime Minister, Kevin Rudd’s proposed ‘education revolution’, which aimed to embrace the ‘Australian’ ‘fair go for all’ mentality and provide a meaningful, enriching education to all (MCEETYA, 2008; Reid, 2009). The emphasis on social justice at this given time, is further promoted by Rudd’s iconic apology to Indigenous Australians on the 13th February 2008 (Australian Government, 2014). Through encompassingRead MoreIndigenous Speeches: Exploration of the Mabo Case, Stolen Generation and Reconciliat ion1822 Words   |  8 PagesExploration of the Mabo Case, Stolen Generation and Reconciliation Both Keating’s and Rudd’s speeches are firmly based on the ideas of recognition and reconciliation for the wrongs that European settlers, and their decedents, have inflicted on Indigenous Australians. To explore this idea I believe that it is necessary to take a closer look at both the plight of Eddie Mabo and the stories of the Stolen Generation. The Mabo Case Eddie Mabo is widely known for his plight to regain land rights forRead MoreSocial Determinants of Health10939 Words   |  44 PagesAboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra, the creation of the Aboriginal flag by Harold Thomas in 1971, and the beginning of civil rights and land rights legislation. Indigenous people in Australia are still grappling with the effects of colonisation. Kevin Gilbert (1977), in LivingBlack, stated that as invasion occurred, Aborigines began to sicken physically and psychologically: [T]hey were hit by the full blight of an alien way of thinking. They were hit by the intolerance and uncomprehending barbarism

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Apa Research Report Format and How to Avoid It

A Deadly Mistake Uncovered on Apa Research Report Format and How to Avoid It The Basics of Apa Research Report Format The very first goal of every introduction is going to be to herald to the readers that something serious which must be managed properly in the body of the expression paper. The experiment will test if a person could keep giving electric shocks to a different person simply because they are told to achieve that. There is not an easy path to success. Since you are going to learn from looking through any superior research paper example, writing an excellent paper involves so far more than simply throwing a whole lot of text and citations into a word processor and hoping for the very best. Writing research paper isn't only merely a compilation of related literature that could support the argument you're trying to raise, the findings you're trying to get, or the question you're trying to reply. Thus, your introduction ought to be clear and precise. The subject of your paper and the selected literature ought to be adjacent. The format to be used is related to the topic that you have chosen. Explain briefly the significant points you want to cover in your paper and why readers ought to be interested in your topic. You should naturally know that the very first reader is the writer. The discussion area is the point where the analysis and interpretation of the outcomes are written. Your principal concern must be to make sure that your materials are only introductory and your readers have been adequately considered. Your attitude to the topic may well decide on the amount of work and enthusiasm which you put into your research. For the aims of this class, you'll be doing a simple correlational study. Dwelling just on the introduction is not a simple job. There's a format for every person to follow for the simplicity of understanding. The New Fuss About Apa Research Report Format The report could consist of relevant metrics concerning the company itself, like the variety of years they've been in operation in addition to the names of important stakeholders, together with statistics about the present condition of the market where the provider participates. You may be interested in service report examples. You should beware of using information on the internet that isn't cited as there isn't any system of peer review and data can be quite inaccurate. Information regarding overall profitability along with the intended use of the funds may also be included. Research memos differ depending on the area they target. Make a list of information that you want to put in your research report. In the era of the web, it is getting increasingly important to make certain that your research are available, both on the web and on university intranet search facilities. The point of a business research report is to supply business executives information or data pertaining to a particular topic or area. The Pain of Apa Research Report Format If you aren't mindful of APA requirements just type in Google (or some other search engine) APA format and you are certain to find a lot of results. Most widely utilised in the post is just one of the studies and text without page header. APA format is well-known among students owing to its simple guidelines and approach. Adhere to the APA guideline for particular format. No citation is required in the References. When you learn the right format, you won't have to be concerned about how to prepare your written assignments. The papers might be rejected if they don't apply the APA format. Based on the subject of your research, you might have to use distinctive trends of formatting. Some of us will read the summary and just skim the report, so make certain you include all the appropriate details. A research report is a sort of form that is chiefly processed by analysts or strategists. Keep on reading through the short article and learn to compose an outstanding research report. Of three distinct reports writing reports. Research reports contain a normal set of elements that have The next research report illustrates report format and supplies examples of the sorts of material within the respective sections of an experimental document. Thus, when creating research reports, it is critical to have a suitable format. You might also take a look at quality report examples. Normal structure of writing guidelines for instance, revised according to compose scientific reports. You also ought to know that any prudent writer won't ever supply you with a comprehensive sample term paper. Be specific with the type of research memo you will put into writing. There are lots of points you need to contemplate when writing a research report. Exactly like in creatingA business memo examples, it's necessary to have a systematic procedure of organizing a research memo. Without regard to the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition act as the template for your whole paper. A superb outline is easily the most significant step in writing a great paper. A research outline template is helpful in regards to this scenario. Make the very first outline tentative.

Essay on The American Education System Free Essays

The amount and sort of knowledge being captured by firms these days is staggering. The abundance  of information, combined with the poor  availableness  of powerful  knowledge  analysis tools, has given rise to a data  rich but  poor data condition. The widening gap between  information  and knowledge  has generated  a  pressing  want  for brand spanking new techniques  which can  flip  these  immense  amounts  of knowledge  into â€Å"golden nuggets†Ã‚  of information. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on The American Education System or any similar topic only for you Order Now This realization, spawned from four years of  my undergrad  studies, has  motivated  me  to figure  towards  changing me into  a veteran  within the  field  of information  Technology. To this end,  I’m  very  excited  to apply  and  in fact  study at Northeastern University’s Master’s in  skilled  Studies in Analytics. A successful Systems Analyst, has a perfect blend of analytical, managerial and communication skills, creativity and spirit of teamwork. My undergraduate education at D. Y. Patil College of Engineering and Technology – one of the foremost institutes in my region – affiliated to Shivaji University, has played a key role in developing these skills. It has given me a comprehensive exposure to courses like Database Management Systems, Data Warehousing and Mining. My proficiency in languages such as C, C++, and SQL has established a solid framework towards accomplishing my objective. Through different testing ventures, I picked up knowledge to how the IT business functions. From building up a database administration system for my web application, I understood that while arranging toward the starting, collaboration is critical, cooperation is the way to the fruitful usage of undertaking. These undertakings associated with utilization of what was taken after inside the classroom and gave a dynamic practice with programming languages like PHP, HTML, XML, and MySQL. Courses like ‘Communication Skills’ and ‘Presentation and Communication Techniques’ upgraded my relational aptitudes which I had used to effectively execute my projects. In the last year of my Bachelor’s degree, I worked on a project titled ‘Know Your Trade’ that went for building up a web application for the automation and maintenance of manufacturing progress of orders for the company ‘Nutrich Foods Pvt. Ltd.’, based in Kolhapur. In a joint effort with three of my partners, I achieved the objectives of making intuitive web application which enables user to create purchase and dispatch processing notes, view results of statistical analysis as well as output of the cashew cutting machine. Finishing these colossal assignments reinforced my investigative and critical thinking aptitudes. The most striking element of this project was the weight sensing by the load sensor. This web application can be utilized as a part of any commodity industry. The project was granted as the best project by the organization Nutrich Foods Pvt. Ltd. This task has infused in me the organizational abilities adequate to organize work and oversee time viably keeping in mind the end goal to meet approaching due dates without compensating the quality of the output. The mounting misuse of computers and expanding risk to individual protection has stimulated my enthusiasm for the field of Data Security. To protect critical information from getting harmed, a sound security framework is of most important for any association. In this way, to strengthen my foothold on Data Security, I completed a certification course on Microsoft Technology Associate-Security Fundamentals and scored 83% in the course offered by the Microsoft. This provided me the advanced skills needed to secure electronic assets, prevent attacks and build a secured network. It has also given me hands-on training on projects, and a profound knowledge about Network Security, Operating System Security, Security Layers, and Security Software. During the term time at my college I have also participated in extracurricular activities like Presentations, seminars and organizing events that gave me a platform to interact with people from different background and with diverse culture which has helped me to learn more about social world. I have worked as volunteer for National Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering Architecture (NCETETA) held at Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Engineering and Technology. Participated in Smart India Hackathon 2017 held in Chennai (the main motto of this event was to find out the solutions for the social problems which was identified by the ministries and government departments of India, where the participants have to sit locked in for 36 hours to develop the solution!) Even I stood 1st for poster presentation for Environmental Awareness Programme held at Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Engineering and Technology. Among the entire education system, the American education is considered to be one of the best world-wide because of its excellent combination of theoretical and practical knowledge which I believe is a perfect solution for a student for his/her understanding. Getting enrolled in an American university would help me to learn and develop the required practical skills which I believe is needed for me. This is because of the programs taught in the university have well organised and structured curriculum which is perfectly suitable for the field that I am looking forward to stepping in. Among all the programs related to computer networks the MPS in Analytics program at Northeastern University looked eminent as the master’s program covers the areas of critical importance to IT employers, such as – Probability and Statistics, Enterprise Analytics, Information Architecture, Information Security Governance, Data Management and Big Data, Predictive Analytics, Data-Driven Decision Making, and also GIS -and provides significant scope for career opportunities. All these units certainly ensure a good and strong career ahead. The program at Northeastern University is suited for my goals as the faculties and the way the program is designed is quite impressive. I believe that to get linked with such faculties and program would give me a great opportunity to pursue my career in Analytics. I was also surprised by the facilities available at your university. As I discussed about this with my undergraduate professor, he also backed my decision to pursue my higher education at your esteemed university. I am confident, and I believe that with the required teaching I can be shaped into a well-balanced individual. I look forward in joining your esteemed university as a postgraduate student at computer science department. Archana ViswwaranjanIndia How to cite Essay on The American Education System, Essays

Music Appreciation Test Essay Example

Music Appreciation Test Paper What music element has the most direct appeal to the audience? The melody Define melody a succession of single tones or pitches perceived as a unit Define range the distance between the highest and lowest tones of a melody What is the distance between two pitches called? an interval Define conjunct a melody that moves in small, connected intervals What type of symbol are musical sounds represented by? a note A term referring to loudness or volume is: amplitude How is a melody characterized? by range, contour, and movement Why is Beethovens Ode to Joy easy to sing? It is conjunct A unit of meaning within a larger structure of a melody is called: a phrase Define cadence the resting place at the end of a phrase, like a period or comma in a sentence Define climax the striking emotional effect created by the high point in a melodic line Define countermelody one melody over the other (added to or played against) T or F: Most musical cultures share the concept of melody or musical line True T or F: A musical note is the symbolic representation of a sound with pitch and duration True T or F: The length or size of a vibrating object has no effect on pitch False T or F: Melodies that move principally by small, connected intervals are conjunct True T or F: The phrases in the tune Amazing Grace are of unequal length False How is the melody, The Star-Spangled Banner, best described as? Disjunct Music is propelled forward in time by: Rhythm Whats the element in music that organizes movement in time? Rhythm Define beat the basic unit of rhythm that divides time into equal segments What are accented beats? beats that are more strongly emphasized than others Organizing patterns of rhythmic pulses are called: meters A meter is marked off in groupings known as: measures Define downbeat the first accented beat of a measure What is the metric pattern in which a strong beat alternates with a weak one? duple meter Which meter would most likely be associated with a march? duple In a triple meter, the strongest pulse occurs on: the first beat Meters in which each beat is subdivided into three rather than two are known as: compound meters In sextuple meter, the principal accents usually fall on: beats 1 and 4 What is America (My country tis of thee) is an example of? triple meter Greensleeves is a _______________ meter compound When a song begins on the last beat of a measure, it is said to begin with: an upbeat Define syncopation the deliberate shifting of the accent to a weak beat or an offbeat Define polyrhythm the simultaneous use of two or more rhythmic patterns Music that moves without a strong sense of beat or meter is called: nonmetric T or F: The element that organizes movement in time is called harmony False T or F: Measures mark off groupings of beats, each with a fixed number that coincides with the meter True T or F: Meter is the measurement of musical time True T or F: Meter us an organizing principal shared by music and poetry True ________ is typical of African-American dance music and spirituals Syncopation Does all world music feature a strong regular pulse or beat? No Define harmony the combination of different musical notes played or sung at the same time to produce a pleasing sound Harmony is to music as __________ is to painting perspective The distance and relationship between two tones is referred to as: an interval Define chord a combination of three or more tones that make a single block of harmony What is a collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order called? a scale What is an interval of 8 notes called? an octave Define triad most common chord type found in Western music, a three-note chord, built on alternate scale steps Define tonic the first note of the scale The principle of organization around a central tone is called: tonality T or F: Dissonance sustains a sense of stability False Define dissonance a combination of tones that sounds discordant, unstable, or in need of resolution What term describes a concordant or agreeable combination of tones? Consonant T or F: Harmony is important to most non-western musical cultures False T or F: A triad is a chord made up of three tones True T or F: Three alternate notes of a scale, sounded simultaneously, form a triad True T or F: Melody and harmony function independently of each other False T or F: The two scale types commonly found in Western music from about 1650 to 1900 are major and minor True Has music grown more consonant through the ages? No How many notes in a scale does an octave span? 8 In Western music, the octave is divided into how many equal intervals? 12 What is the smallest interval in our Western musical system called? a half-step A twelve-tone scale, including all the semitones of the octave, is called: chromatic The musical symbol # represents a: sharp On the piano, what is the black key between the white keys C and D called? C-sharp or D-flat Tonality means that we hear a piece of music in relation to a central tone, called: the tonic Define tonality the principle of organization whereby we hear a piece of music in relation to a central tone Define key a group of related tones with a common center In a major scale, between what pairs of tones do half steps occur? 3, 4 .. 7,8 What characterizes the minor scale? it has a lowered third degree Define diatonic music based on the seven tones of a major or minor scale The _________ era is where chromatic music is most frequently associated Romantic Pentatonic scale = how many notes? 5 Western art music does not frequently use the what scale? Pentatonic scales What is an interval smaller than our semitone, or half step, called? microtone The triad built on the first note of the scale is called: the tonic What is the tonic chord represented by? (the roman numeral for 1) The dominated chord is represented by what symbol? V (roman numeral) (roman numeral for 5) In harmony, a place of rest and return is: the tonic What are the three basic triads in our musical system? Tonic, dominant, and subdominant What remains the same when a melody is transposed to another key? the shape of the melodic line T or F: In western music, the octave is divided into seven equal parts, which makes up the chromatic scale False T or F: All musical cultures of the world divide the octave into twelve equal half steps False T or F: A sharp lowers the tone by a half step False T or F: A key refers to a group of related tones with a common center, a tonic, toward which the tone graviate True T or F: A major or minor scale can begin on any of the twelve semitones of the octave True Define texture thickness in music. for example, the more instruments you use, the thicker the texture. also use in range or width A texture featuring a single, unaccompanied line is called: monophony What was the predominant texture used in music up to about one thousand years ago? Monophonic What is traditional music of the Far East largely? monophonic Define heterophony A melody combined with an ornamented version of itself (often heard in jazz) is a texture What is the resulting texture called when two or more independent melodic lines are combined? polyphony What is the texture that combines two or more simultaneous melodic lines polyphony Define homophony A texture in which a single voice takes over the melodic interest while the accompanying voices are subordinate Define homorythm the texture in which all the voices move in the same rhythm Define imitation when a melodic idea is presented in one voice and then restated in another Define canon a strict composition with imitation throughout What is a simple/familiar type of canon called? a round T or F: A single-voiced texture is called monophony True T or F: Traditional music of the Middle and Far East is typically polyphonic False Define counterpoint the art of combining two or more simultaneous melodic lines T or F: The art of counterpoint is most closely associate with monophonic texture False T or F: A heterphonic texture frequently occurs in music involving improvisation, such as jazz. True T or F: Most compositions use one type of texture exclusively. False Define tempo the rate of speed at which a piece of music is played What emotional response would most likely be associated with an accelerating tempo? agitation Music that is despairing and sad usually has a ___________ tempo slow In what language are tempo markings generally given? Italian What is the marking for a slow tempo? adagio Accelerando is a term indicating that the tempo is: getting faster Define dynamics the degree of loudness and softness, or volume, at which music is played What is the symbol of growing louder Define crescendo the gradual swelling of the volume of music T or F: The tempo indicates the loudness of music False T or F: The tempo of a piece affects its mood and character True T or F: Allegro is an Italian term for a fast, cheerful tempo True T or F: The degree of loudness and softness in music is called dynamics True Is texture a property of a musical sound? no Define timbre the quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another What does the term, timbre, refer to? the color of a tone A mechanism that generates musical vibrations and launches them into the air is called: an instrument Define register a specific area within the range of a voice or instrument, such as high, middle, or low What are the standard ranges of the human voice from highest to lowest? SATB (soprano, alto, tenor, bass) What is the (generally accepted) term for the high male vocal range? Tenor Define chordophones instruments that produce sound from a vibrating string Define aerophones instruments that produce sound by using air as the vibrating means How do idiophones produce sound? by shaking, scraping, or striking the instrument itself Drum-type instruments fall into the category of: membranophones T or F: In some cultures, womens voices are preferred for certain styles of music True T or F: Flutes and whistles are classified as idiophones False T or F: A guitar is an example of a chordophone True The instruments of the Western orchestra are categorized in four groups. What are those four groups? SBPW (strings, brass, percussion, and woodwinds) Of bowed string instruments, what is the highest to lowest in range? violin, viola, cello, double bass Define pizzicato the special effect produced on a string instrument by plucking the string with the finger In string play, the rapid movement of the wrist creates a throbbing effect called: vibrato What is double stopping? playing on two strings at once What is the device placed on the bridge of string instruments to muffle the sound? a mute Harmonics on a string instrument are produced by: lightly touching the string at certain points while the box is being drawn Chords whose notes are played in succession, as on the harp, are called: arpeggios T or F: Woodwind instruments all have a pipe with holes True What is the highest sounding member of the woodwind family? the piccolo Is a clarinet a double-reed instrument? no Describe all brass instruments they are made of metal, are blown with a metal mouthpiece, their sound is created by the vibration of the lips T or F: The trumpet is a soprano brass instrument sometimes described as possessing a brilliant timbre True T or F: The English horn is the member of the brass family False What is the bass instrument in the brass family? the double bass Timpani are members of the _________ family of instruments percussion What is an example of a pinched percussion instrument? xylophone What is an example of an unpinched percussion instrument? bass drum T or F: the piano has a wide dynamic range True T or F: String instruments are generally played by either bowing or plucking True T or F: The violin was developed by Italian instrument makers around 1600 and 1750 True T or F: The viola is somewhat smaller and higher pitched than a violin False T or F: All woodwind instruments are made of wood False T or F: The term pizzicato means to play in a throbbing manner False T or F: The pipe organ is a wind instrument, sounded by air True T or F: The piano is limited by a narrow range of pitches and dynamics False T or F: The two categories of percussion instruments are pitched and unpitched True T or F: The trumpet is the lowest pitched instrument of the brass family False What is the most recently invented member of the woodwind family? saxophone What distinguishes chamber music from orchestral music? the number of players on each part What is the name for a Balinese of Javanese orchestra made up largely of gongs, drums, and xylophone-like instruments? Gamelan What is the 2/3 of a symphony orchestra? strings Which instruments are traditionally seated in front of the orchestra? strings Define band a rock, jazz, and march ensemble group John Phillip Sousa was a famous composer of? marches What is a jazz band normally made up of? woodwind instruments, brass instruments, and percussion instruments T or F: Specialized choirs that perform with organ are called a cappella ensembles False T or F: Chamber music is intended for a small group of performers, with one player to a part True What is the standard instrument for a string quartet? two violins, viola and a cello T or F: A piano trio is an ensemble of three pianos False T or F: The modern orchestra is typically made up of thirty or forty players False T or F: The upbeat is the strongest in any meter True The preservation of music without the help of written notation is called: oral transmission Define musical style the characteristic manner of presentation of a work The style of a historical period is defined by: the total language of all its artists What is the chronological order of music periods? Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, Twentieth Century What are the approximate dates for the Renaissance period? 1450-1600s The classical period was followed by what period and then preceded by what period? Baroque, Romantic

Monotheism essays

Monotheism essays The baroque period was characterized by a heroic, dramatic and emotional theme. With well know names like Rembrant, Bach, Pennini, Caravaggio, Bernini, Tintoretto, Velasques, Poussin, Handel, and Rubens, the period produced many popular pieces of music and art. The art of the period was filled with movement, light versus shadow, and the use of the whole surface. The composers incorporated new ideas into their music such as different major and minor scales, the use of the violin, a regular rhythm, a melody that was hard to sing to, terrace dynamics, the basso continuo, and instrumental music was now considered as good as vocal music. The baroque period was an important piece of history in the shaping of the music and art world. George Frideric Handel was a composer of amazing talents and abilities. Although in todays society he is not as well known as Bach, his work was kept in high regards by the people of the time. Both Handel and Bach were born in 1685 about a month apart, and together the world was stunned by the masterpieces created by these great minds. Handel, being born on February 23, in Halle, Germany, was not from a musical family. As a child he was introduced to the harpsichord by his aunt, and soon after he began to practice the art that he loved. His father showed no interest in Handels music and disowned him saying, " Then let him be a clown, a tightrope walker, a minstrel or a bear trainer!" On a business trip, Handel accompanied his father to the city of Weissenfels, where he happened to slip away into the town church, and began to play an improvised rendition of the postlude to the service. After seeing the remarkable talent of the young boy, the duke of the church persuaded Han dels father that "...to ignore this talent would be a sin against God."2 Handel began his lesson with Duke Zackow soon after, being instructed in the playing of the organ, the harpsichord, and the violin. At t...

Biography of Daniel Morgan, U.S. Brigadier General

Biography of Daniel Morgan, U.S. Brigadier General Daniel Morgan (July 6, 1736–July 6, 1802) rose from humble beginnings to become one of the Continental Armys finest tacticians and leaders. The son of Welsh immigrants, he initially saw service in the French and Indian War as a teamster before putting his marksmanship skills to use as a colonial ranger. With the beginning of the American Revolution, Morgan assumed command of a rifle company and soon saw action outside of Boston and during the invasion of Canada. In 1777, he and his men played a key role at the Battle of Saratoga. Fast Facts: Daniel Morgan Known For: As a leader of the Continental Army, Morgan led the Americans to victory during the Revolutionary War.Born: July 6, 1736 in Hunterdon County, New JerseyParents: James and Eleanor MorganDied: July 6, 1802 in Winchester, VirginiaSpouse: Abigail Curry Early Life Born on July 6, 1736, Daniel Morgan was the fifth child of James and Eleanor Morgan. Of Welsh extraction, he is believed to have been born in Lebanon Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. He left home around 1753 after a bitter argument with his father. Crossing into Pennsylvania, Morgan initially worked around Carlisle before moving down the Great Wagon Road to Charles Town, Virginia. An avid drinker and fighter, he was employed in various trades in the Shenandoah Valley before beginning a career as a teamster. French and Indian War With the beginning of the French and Indian War, Morgan found employment as a teamster for the British Army. In 1755, he and his cousin Daniel Boone took part in Major General Edward Braddocks ill-fated campaign against Fort Duquesne, which ended in a stunning defeat at the Battle of the Monongahela. Also part of the expedition were two of his future commanders in Lieutenant Colonel George Washington and Captain Horatio Gates. Morgan encountered difficulty the following year when taking supplies to Fort Chiswell. Having irritated a British lieutenant, Morgan was made irate when the officer struck him with the flat of his sword. In response, Morgan knocked the lieutenant out with one punch. Court-martialed, Morgan was sentenced to 500 lashes. He developed a hatred for the British Army. Two years later, Morgan joined a colonial ranger unit that was attached to the British. Morgan was badly injured while returning to Winchester from Fort Edward. Nearing Hanging Rock, he was struck in the neck during a Native American ambush; the bullet knocked out several teeth before exiting his left cheek. Boston With the outbreak of the American Revolution after the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Continental Congress called for the formation of 10 rifle companies to aid in the Siege of Boston. In response, Virginia formed two companies and command of one was given to Morgan. He departed Winchester with his troops on July 14, 1775. Morgans riflemen were expert marksmen who employed long rifles, which were more accurate than the standard Brown Bess muskets used by the British. Invasion of Canada Later in 1775, Congress approved an invasion of Canada and tasked Brigadier General Richard Montgomery with leading the main force north from Lake Champlain. To support this effort, Colonel Benedict Arnold convinced the American commander, General George Washington, to send a second force north through the Maine wilderness to aid Montgomery. Washington gave him three rifle companies, collectively led by Morgan, to augment his force. Departing Fort Western on September 25, Morgans men endured a brutal march north before finally joining up with Montgomery near Quebec. Attacking the city on December 31, the American column led by Montgomery halted when the general was killed early in the fighting. In the Lower Town, Arnold sustained a wound to his leg, leading Morgan to take command of their column.  Pushing forward, the Americans advanced through the Lower Town and paused to await Montgomerys arrival.  Unaware that Montgomery was dead, their halt allowed the defenders to recover.  Morgan and many of his men were later captured by Governor Sir Guy Carletons forces. Held as a prisoner until September 1776, Morgan was initially paroled before being formally exchanged in January 1777. Battle of Saratoga After rejoining Washington, Morgan found that he had been promoted to colonel in recognition of his actions at Quebec. He was later assigned to lead the Provisional Rifle Corps, a special 500-man formation of light infantry. After conducting attacks against  General Sir William Howes forces in New Jersey during the summer, Morgan received orders to take his command north to join Major General Horatio Gates army near Albany. Arriving on August 30, he began taking part in operations against  Major General John Burgoynes army, which was advancing south from  Fort Ticonderoga. Morgans men pushed Burgoynes Native American allies back to the main British lines. On September 19, Morgan and his command played a key role as the  Battle of Saratoga  began. Taking part in the engagement at Freemans Farm, Morgans men joined with Major Henry Dearborns light infantry.  Under pressure, his men rallied when Arnold arrived on the field and  the two inflicted heavy losses on the British before retiring to Bemis Heights. On October 7, Morgan commanded the left wing of the American line as the British advanced on Bemis Heights. Again working with Dearborn, Morgan helped to defeat this attack and then led his men forward in a counterattack that saw American forces capture two key redoubts near the British camp. Increasingly isolated and lacking supplies, Burgoyne surrendered on October 17. The victory at Saratoga was the turning point of the conflict and led to the French signing the Treaty of Alliance (1778). Monmouth Campaign Marching south after the triumph, Morgan and his men rejoined Washingtons army on November 18 at Whitemarsh, Pennsylvania, and then entered the winter encampment at Valley Forge. Over the next several months, his command conducted scouting missions, skirmishing occasionally with the British. In June 1778, Morgan missed the Battle of Monmouth Court House when Major General Charles Lee failed to apprise him of the armys movements. Though his command did not take part in the fighting, it did pursue the retreating British and captured both prisoners and supplies. Following the battle, Morgan briefly commanded Woodfords Virginia Brigade. Eager for a command of his own, he was excited to learn that a new light infantry brigade was being formed. Morgan was largely apolitical and had never worked to cultivate a relationship with Congress. As a result, he was passed over for promotion to brigadier general and leadership of the new formation went to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne. Going South The following year Gates was placed in command of the Southern Department and asked Morgan to join him. Morgan expressed concern that his usefulness would be limited as many militia officers in the region would outrank him and asked Gates to recommend his promotion to Congress. After learning of Gates defeat at the Battle of Camden in August, 1780, Morgan decided to return to the field and began riding south. In Hillsborough, North Carolina, Morgan was given command of a corps of light infantry on October 2. Eleven days later, he was finally promoted to brigadier general. For much of the fall, Morgan and his men scouted the region between Charlotte and Camden, South Carolina. On December 2, command of the department passed to Major General Nathanael Greene. Increasingly pressured by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwalliss forces, Greene elected to divide his army, with Morgan commanding one part, in order to give it time to rebuild after the losses incurred at Camden. While Greene withdrew north, Morgan was instructed to campaign in the South Carolina back country with the goal of building support for the cause and irritating the British. Specifically, his orders were to to give protection to that part of the country, spirit up the people, to annoy the enemy in that quarter. Quickly recognizing Greenes strategy, Cornwallis dispatched a mixed cavalry-infantry force led by Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton after Morgan. After eluding Tarleton for three weeks, Morgan turned to confront him on January 17, 1781. Battle of Cowpens Deploying his forces in a pasture area known as the Cowpens, Morgan formed his men in three lines. It was his goal to have the first two lines slow the British before withdrawing and forcing Tarletons weakened men to attack uphill against the Continentals. Understanding the limited resolve of the militia, he requested they fire two volleys before withdrawing to the left and reforming to the rear. Once the enemy was halted, Morgan intended to counterattack. In the resulting Battle of Cowpens, Morgans plan worked and the Americans ultimately crushed Tarletons command.  Routing the enemy, Morgan won perhaps the Continental Armys most decisive tactical victory of the war. Death In 1790, Morgan was presented with a gold medal by Congress in recognition of his victory at Cowpens. After the war, he attempted to run for Congress in 1794. Though his initial efforts failed, he was elected in 1797 and served one term before his death in 1802. Morgan was buried in Winchester, Virginia. Legacy Morgan was considered one of the most skilled tacticians of the Continental Army. A number of statues have been erected in his honor, and in 2013 his Winchester, Virginia, home was made a designated historic place.

Childhood Obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Childhood Obesity - Research Paper Example It should also be noted that children are becoming obese at a younger age and as Ebbeling et al (2002) put it, this can be highly attributed to the sedentary life lived for most part of the day at school. Arguing from Ebbeling claim, it is evident that many obese children take little or no time to engage in physical activities. Research indicates that children age 6-11 are vulnerable to obesity because of the nature of life they lead. For example, a child goes to school by bus, takes most of his time in class seated, and goes home by bus. This child may have no time to engage in an exercise that would result into sweating. Healthy living guides demand that children should engage in physical exercise in order to make them active. Many parents are not aware of the danger involved when a child does not take any exercises. Method of data collection For this research, questionnaires will be used as the method of data collection. The questionnaires will be designed in such a way that it wi ll allow the obese children, parents and teachers or social workers to respond. This will ensure that adequate information is collected relating to the child’s eating habits and level of activity both at home and school. Data collection will take place at home and school with the consent of the teachers and parents. Another method of data collection would be research information obtained from libraries. This information would help to identify aspects that promote obesity among children. Preliminary findings Results obtained so far indicate that many children in the US are becoming obese at a younger age and at the same time; there is a rise in the number of pre-schools in center-based programs (Peiser et al, 2005). According to the findings obesity cases in... The paper tells that main cause of child obesity is physical inactivity is important because childhood obesity is steadily affecting low income and middle-income countries. This means that childhood obesity is not just about eating in excess or getting a lot of calorie-rich drinks and foods. It should also be noted that children are becoming obese at a younger age and as Ebbeling et al put it, this can be highly attributed to the sedentary life lived for most part of the day at school. Research indicates that children age 6-11 are vulnerable to obesity because of the nature of life they lead. For example, a child goes to school by bus, takes most of his time in class seated, and goes home by bus. This child may have no time to engage in an exercise that would result into sweating. Healthy living guides demand that children should engage in physical exercise in order to make them active. Many parents are not aware of the danger involved when a child does not take any exercises. The re port recommends increase in time allocated for physical exercise among children in school. Another recommendation of the report is to limit time taken by children playing non-physical games. This will lead children to active participation. In conclusion, obesity is a disease that results from accumulation of too much fat in the body. Obesity leads to low self-esteem, social stagnation and health complexities. Research findings indicate that physical inactiveness of a child promotes obesity among the children. Largely, accumulation of fats in the body results from eating without spending the same amount of energy.

Research Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Analysis - Assignment Example st establish those patients who lack self-care confidence and then direct more effort towards building self-care confidence in them using specific education interventions. The introduction/background section provided by Britz and Dunn (2010) does not formally introduce the research question. However, after carefully exploring the introduction, this paper was able to establish the research question, which is: In this article, Britz and Dunn (2010) formally presented the hypothesis. The author asserts that those patients with heart failure and who demonstrates self-care ability are expected to improve their healthcare outcomes. This hypothesis emanates from both previous studies as well as the model used in this study. Since it is a qualitative research, the researcher developed the hypothesis using grounded theory. The use of qualitative approaches provided a platform that researchers in various disciplines borrowed to complete work effectively. Qualitative approaches identify research issues without subjectivity. For instance, using such techniques, a case is looked at individually and therefore, it is possible to make accurate conclusions. Understanding of complex human systems such as the family and communities has grown due to the benefits accrued from qualitative methods. Certain patterns of behavior have been described and based upon these patterns of behavior, action could be take n. Grounded theory refers to a theory routed in data. The researcher interprets the raw data and then, through systematic analysis creates a theory. Grounded theory is derived from four central criteria: fit, understanding, generality and control. Fit occurs when the theory fits the substantive data. In other words, the theory must be based upon the presence of valid data. Understanding occurs when the theory is comprehensible by all researchers involved in the study. Generality occurs when the presented theory is applicable within a variety of contexts. Control entails the

Impact of Globalisation on the Nation-State

Impact of Globalisation on the Nation-State Introduction The discussions of globalization have become topics which are in the great demand. Especially with the development of information and technology and the form of global economy, the global affairs have become more and more complicated. It is hard to distinguish the internal affairs and external affairs. People found that the distances between different countries are shorter than before. After the Cold War, a great amount of countries publish their economic policies to develop their economies. Take American 11th September for example, 11th September is an event that New York America attacked by the terrorists. However, the global aviation, finance, technology all has been affected as well as the international business. Even the central banks in mostly countries have taken the action of decreasing the interests to make the effects of 11th September not to be so serious. Those phenomenon show that globalization has growth rapidly, and has deeply influent the development and vicissitude o f the situation of global politics and economy. To observe it deeply, different countries and institutions have different influences. As the matter of fact, it is to some extent a relationship of gain and lost. Whatever the existence of globalization or the debates of scholars on globalization, those all illustrate that globalization is a development of process. However, the importance of globalization has already drawn the attention of countries. This essay will be divided into three sections. Firstly, the definition of globalization will be analysed. Through the compare of different definitions, a clear sense of globalization will come out. After that the process of globalization will be briefly introduced from some aspects, the geography and time period, the global economy and culture and politics. Secondly, nation-state will be discussed. In this section, five aspects will be analysed. This section includes the definition of nation-state, the influence of politics, economy and culture on nation-state. Moreover, the role of media in global condition will be discussed. Thirdly, this essay will discuss if globalization destroyed the nation-state or not. Then finally a conclusion will be made. Globalization What is globalization? Globalization could be argued to be a process, which the flow of substances and spirit products destroy the area and the boundaries of countries, and effect the peoples life around every corner of the earth. The globalization also includes the immigrations. It could be seen from the table, it is not easy to define what globalization is. It is a phenomenon which influenced peoples life. Based on Busch (2009), globalization is a continuing process of intensity not only the economy, but also culture, social life and politics. From the definition above, it could be argued that the definition of globalisation could be analysed into two parts. The first one is the space. As the Buschs and Waters view, globalization means that the boundaries of countries are being decreased. Although this does not mean the compression of geography, it is the economy and culture make the distances between different countries decreased. Secondly, it is something about relationships. Robertson (1995) indicated that the conflict and unity of homogeneity and heterogeneity make globalization. The globalization makes the people from all over the world getting more and more close in culture, economy and politics. The countries are more relied on each other. The process of globalization Basically, the process of globalization could be divided into three moments. The first one is in geography filed. The first emergence of globalization could be dated back to 1492 A.D. according to Butzer (1992), the European encounter discover the American continent. Then after a period of time, Britain colonized India, the world has changed from a large scale to small size. The second moment, Holton (1998) indicated that from 1960s the advent of globalization has more developed. The words globalization and global village are newly added into the dictionary. Take American foe example, in the post-1945 ear, American constructed a hegemonic order (Ikenberry, 2007). To some extent it could not be denied that the hegemonic order of America pushed the economic globalization within the global condition. The third moment is after the history steps into the 21st century more opportunities are produced to people, so that the people flow cross the countries to seek more comfortable life. Howev er, this might be harmful to some of the countries. For instance, the U.S. was the most opened country in the world before 10th September 2001. On 11th September 2001, the U.S. has been attacked by terrorists. After that Americas border was quite closed (Alden, 2008). The widely discussions of globalization is the global economy. Based on Wills, Samli and Jacobs (1997), the world economy is trending globally. And there are three major economy regions in the world, the European Union, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Pacific Rim (Bennett, 1995). The economic groups indicated that the economy in each country has more closed. Culture and politics globalization are also notable. Take American culture for example, because of the development of technology, the communication within the world is getting easier and easier. Movies which are made by Hollywood are very famous among the countries. Now Hollywood movies are trying to absorb the actors from different countries to gain more global audience (Robertson, 1995). However, politics are more closed with economy. The hegemonic order which constructed by America, the policies which published, most of them are aims to support the development of economy. Nation-state What is nation-state? According to Grossberg (2006), nation-state could be argued to provide some securities for people, such as economic, social and physical. Grossbegy (2006) went further that nation-state also means that the sovereign is under control of its own leadership or people, but not under control of some other external aspects. It could be identified that nation-state is a political community. Within the nation-state, the country has the power to set up its own laws to make sure its territorial autonomy is integrated and political sovereignty is not encroach by some other countries else. The social cohesion within a nation-state has its unique society. Moreover, the people in a nation-state share the same culture, religion language and so on. The influence of politics on nation-state. Politics has great influences on nation-state. Politics is an activity and relations. Politics could be seen as the treatment of the relationship between people. Vitally, politics could influent the nation-state economy. Without a steady, health condition of political atmosphere, the economy will not be developed. Take Japan for example; in the years of Meiji era, the government gave the great support for the economy. Therefore, Japan became richer and richer. At that time, the government encouraged people to develop the economy; the policies the government made were more concentrate on economy. Many companies have grown fast. As Ikenberry (2007) indicated after the World War ?, the leaders of America made many efforts to rebuild the trade, investment and currency. Although those politicise helped America to construct is hegemonic order; it could not be denied that those policies made the American economy quickly recovered. Moreover, the governors should fully understand the economy. If the government misunderstand the economy, the politics they made will destroy the economy. For example, if a country import a foreign product at a very low price, even lower than the internal price, many people in the same filed within the nation-state will lost their job. The influence of economy on nation-state. The economy influenced the nation-state as well. As the matter of fact that the nation-state economy influent the politics and culture within the nation-state. As Grossberg (2007) indicated that the nation-state has more concentrate on the sovereign and territorial autonomy. However, the economy is the basic construction which could decide if people within the nation-state have a better life or not. Altschull (1997) argued that there are four basic patterns which influence media ownership; one of the four patterns is commercial aspect. From here, it could be seen economy has influenced each part in the nation-state. Economy also influences the national culture. There was an old saying in Chinese culture only you have enough food, you could have time to pay attention on your behaviours. People have enough food; they could do their jobs well or not resist the government. If a scientist is hungry and no food to eat, he would probably not continue doing his research. If a litterateur doe s not have enough food to eat, he has to do some physical work, such as cultivation. He would probably not write those literatures. Without the development of economy, the society members have to cultivate themselves, the society, even the nation-state could not be developed. The influence of culture on nation-state. Culture could be argued as the spirit of the nation-state. People in the same nation-state share the same history, religion, language and so on. It is said that, for a person, his fortune is decided by his personality. The culture could be compared with the personality of a country. Thus, culture could by the actions and response when a country faced some problems. Culture could affect peoples lifestyle (Evans, Jamal, and Foxall, 2009). Take Japan for example; according to Lebra (1974), the spirit of Japanese culture is to respect the person who is perfectly capable. They do not have any sympathizes for the wreakers. Therefore, if one wants to get some respect from other Japanese, the first thing to do is to become stronger. It could not be denied that become strong so as to gain identify of the world. Apart from the correct or incorrect of this spirit in the ethic field of Japan, only concentrate on the development of the nation-state is beneficial to Japanese society. Under this cu lture, Japan could become more and stronger. Culture could be inherited. Therefore; culture would influence the idea of a nation. A perfect culture passed on generation by generation, the later government will become strong and well developed. The role of media in the erosion of nation-state. Media actually helped globalization to shock the national culture, however the globalization of media make the distances of countries shorter and shorter. Firstly, the globalization of media threatens the national culture. As Doyle (2002) indicated that the trends of international media id expansion and the press are controlled by large companies. Sreberny (2000) argued that after American hegemonic order, American values are now stepping into to the hearts and minds of the Third World countries. Take Hollywood movies for example; as it mentioned in previous sections, Hollywood movies have now employed more people with different nationalities to act and produces the movies so as to attract more audiences for outside the U.S. However, the American do not full understand other countries cultures, there always have some misunderstandings in the movies to make other countries people feel uncomfortable. Moreover, with the development of technology, televisions are widely spread. Satellite television could receive hundreds of channels. Young people could learn another culture from the television; but for their own culture, it might be fade. However, the globalization of media makes the distances of countries shorter and shorter. As mentioned above, the development of technology, more families have television. Through television programs, people could learn more things. Especially after the invention of computer and internet, all the information from each country could be checked from them. This made peoples life more comfortable. Has globalization destroyed nation-state? Globalization has not destroyed nation-state. Globalization brings numerous benefits to the world. Some people believed that globalization helped poor people from developing countries out of the poor conditions. Because globalization helped the developing countries opened their markets. Ikenberry (2007) pointed out that after the World War ?, American leaders have promoted to recovered the economy by publishing a series of policies to set up an open system of business, investment and currency. The price of labour in developing countries is much cheaper than developed countries. Therefore, many multinationals have been set up, and provided more job opportunities to the local people. Take China for example, the expending of employment in multinationals have helped many poor Chinese out of poverty. According to Bardhams (2006) research people who live in the rural areas whose daily living cost under $1 per day were decreased from 79% to 27% in China from 1981 to 2001. China is a socialism country, but introduced capitalist business methods in 1987 (Bennett, 1995), and opened its markets to other countries to developed its economy. The capitalist business methods have made great achievements to China. There is another good example from Bangladesh; Barfham (2006) did an interview of a woman call Rahana Chandhuri who works in garment export factories. She said there are many women work in the garment export factories. Although the job is not fair, compare with other people, she still earns much money. A research shows that 86% of women work in the garment industry and their average monthly income are more than their neighbourhoods (Bardham, 2006). Globalization weakens the barriers of geography, but closes the link between different countries. Slagnt, Harben and Pallant (2006) argued that all the countries could share the materials all over the world. People in different countries could buy whatever they want in the local supermarkets and the materials for industry used also could be import and export easily. Fr o example, Chinese students who studies could buy Chinese cooking ingredients in Tesco, and in U.K.s stores, it is not hard to find any products which said made in China. In addition, the development of transportation makes the distance of different countries shorter and shorter. For instance, in the past it might take years to travel from China to Britain. However, now from Beijing to London, it only takes less than 10hours by direct flight. Globalization of economy bring many benefits to the countries within the world, so as the culture. Still take Hollywood movies for example,, many people with different nationalities work together to produce movies suitable for the audience from all over the world. Globalization has destroyed nation-state. Globalization also brings many disadvantages to the nation-state. Firstly, for example, after the multinationals enter the developing countries, it could not be denied that human is greedy, in order to make more money, the owners of export and import factories even hired children work for them. Based on Bardhams (2006) research, in Bangladesh, the garment export factories used to hire children to work for them; because children is much cheaper than adult labours. If the owners of those factories employed children work for them they will gain more profits. In 1993, the U.S. has banned on importing products using children labour, the garment dismissed about 50000 children. However, only few of them went back to school, most of them went to stone breaking or even child prostitution. Secondly, the economy of developing countries was helped by large international organisations such as economic groups. Those developing countries need to change something in order to fit those economic group s. It could be easily lost the autonomy of those countries. China enter WTO in 1999, nine hundred laws would need to be changed to adapt the world economy (Nolan, 2001). This might be the biggest challenge to Chinese retailers, for they have using the original laws for a long time, the changing of laws might make some of the small retailers go bankrupt. Moreover, changing laws could make China loose the autonomy in charting the complex path of economy reform. Thirdly, the globalization of culture destroyed local culture. Islam culture is a unique culture, and different from western culture. Turner (2007) argued that the development of global mass communication has influenced the Islam world. It is an extension of westernization, and will weaken the local culture. With the American hegemonic order, the Americanization has appeared many places all over the world. For example, many Chinese students or even adults are huge fans of NBA, a basketball association in America. Those fans eve n look down upon their own countries basketball association. Another example, McDonalds are in every part of China. Children like this American fast food than Chinese dishes. Fourthly, English is using wildly; people could travel to any other countries whose native language are not English; however, English is still workable there, the same as Chinese. Since the English and Chinese are widely use all over the world, some language whose native speakers are really few will be endangered. When a language disappeared, the culture will soon disappeared, and could only be finding in the books. Conclusions This essay is aiming to discuss if globalization has destroyed nation-state or not. This essay was divided into three parts. The first part focuses on globalization. There were many definitions of globalization; they are defined from different aspects. From compare different definitions of globalization given by scholars, then an idea of definition of globalization is being cleared. Globalization is not only a pheromone within the world of politics, economy and culture, but also a process. The earliest emergence of globalization could be dated back to the year of 1492. In recent times the construction of hegemonic order of America pushes the speed of the globalization. The second part was concentrated on nation-state. Globalization is a kind of process; the nation-state is more focus on the political sovereignty and territorial autonomy, social cohesion and culture. Politics, economy and culture all have the influence on nation-state. Media has two sides; it has erosion on nation-sta te, but also makes the distance of countries shorter. The third part discussed if globalization destroyed nation-state or not. Globalization is a sword with two sides. For one aspect, the globalization made the developing countries out of poverty. People in those countries lived in a more comfortable life. Globalization also weakens the barriers of different countries, and makes the links of different countries. The distances of different countries are getting closer. However, globalization made some destroys of nation-state. For example, in some developing countries the factories owners hired children. Some developing countries have to change their laws to enter the economy groups to make more profit, so that those countries will probably loose their autonomy. The widely spread of American culture and English language will make some local culture and language endangered. As mentioned above, globalization is a sword with two sides, if the nation-state makes the proper polities and p rotections of culture, the benefits of globalization will make the countries become stronger. References Alden, E. (2008) The Closing of the American Border: Terrorism, Immigration, and Security Since 911, Harper. Pp35-50 Altschull, J.H. (1997) Boundaries of Journalistic Autonomy, Berkowitz, D. (eds). Social Meanings of news: a text -reader. London: Sage. Pp259-268. Bardhan, P (2006, April). Does Globalization Help or Hurt the Worlds Poor? Scientific America, [Magazine, online]. Retrieved March 5, 2008, from http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=does-globalization-help-o accessed on 31.11.09 Beck, U. (2000), Introduction. what is Globalization? Cambridge: Polity. Pp1-16 Bennett, R. (1995) International Marketing: Strategy, Planning, Market Entry and Implementation, London: Kogan Page Limited. pp157-209 Busch, A. (2009) Introduction, Globalization and State Capacity, Banking Regulation and Globalization, Oxford:Oxford University Press. Pp 1-22 Butzer, K.W. (1992) From Columbus to Acosta: Science, Geography and the New world, Annals of the Association of American Geography. Vol 82, NO.3, The American before and after 1492: Current Geographical Research (Sep. 1992). Pp543-565 Doyle, G. (2002) Media Ownership: The Economics and Politics of Convergence and Concentration in the UK and European Media, London: Sage. Pp141-153, pp171-179 Evans, M., Jamal, A. and Foxall, G. (2009) Culture and Subculture, Consumer Behaviour, 2nd Edition, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. Pp284-291 Giddens, A. (1990) The Globalising of Modernity, The Consequences of modernity, Cambridge: Polity. P64 Grossbery, L., Wartella, E., Whitney, D. C. and Wise, J.M. (2006) Globalization, the Nation-state and Culture Imperialism, Media Making: Mass Media in Popular Culture, California: Sage Publications Inc. pp424-425 Held, D. (2002) Governing Globalization: Power, Authority and Global Governance. Held, D. and McGrew (eds), Oxford: Polity. P1 Holton, R.J. (1998) Globalization and Nation-state. Hampshire: Macmillan Press Ltd. Pp21-25 Ikenberry, G. J. (2007) Globalization as American Hegemony, Held, D. and McGrew, A. (eds) Globalization Theory, Cambridge: Polity. Pp41-58 Lebra, W.P. (1974) Introduction, Japanese Culture and Behaviour: Selected Readings,Revised Edition, Lebra, W.P. and Lebra, T.S.(eds). Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. Pp xi-xix Nolan, P (2001), China and the Global Economy. Wales: creative Print and Design Ebbwvale, PP195-196 Robertson, R. (1995) Globalization: Time-space and homogeneity-heterogeneity. In: Global Modernities, Featherstone, M., Lash, S. and Robertson, R. (eds). London: Sage. Pp 25-41 Slagnt, J, Harben, P and Pallant, A (2006), The Global Village: Challenges for a shrinking planet-Source Book, Reading; Garnet Publishing ltd. PP44-45 Sreberny, A. (2000) The Global and the Local in International Communication. In Mass Media and Society, 3rd Edition, Curran, J. and Gurevitch, M. (eds), London: Arnold. Pp118-136 Turner, B.S. (2007) Islam and Consumerism, In: Part 2 Global Consumerism, Tourism and Identity, In Globalization: The Reader, Oxford: Blackwells. Pp141-163 Waters, M. (1995) Globalization, London: Routledge. P3 Wills, J., Samli, A.C., Jacobs, L. (1997) Developing Global Products and Marketing Strategies: A Construct and A research Agenda, Doole, I. and Lowe, R. (eds). International Marketing Strategy: Contemporary Readings. London:Tomson International Business Press. Pp45-50

Alcohol and World Health/Hunger

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant and possibly one of the oldest known drugs. In America today, it is considered the number 1 drug problem.Over $90 billion is spent yearly by Americans on alcohol.   At least $100 million cost of health care and productivity loss affects the country's economy each year. According to statistics, there are more than 15 million alcohol-dependent Americans and half a million of this figure belongs to the age bracket of 9-12Ethyl alcohol or ethanol is the major psychoactive component in alcoholic beverages.   It is produced through the fermentation of sugar by yeast. The percentage of alcohol present in alcoholic beverages varies. Beer has 4-6% alcohol, wine has 7-15% alcohol, champagne has 8-14% alcohol, and distilled spirits have 40-95% alcohol (www.chemcases.com).Due to its small size, molecules of alcohol are quickly absorbed by the intestines. It is also soluble in lipids and water solutions and it gets to the bloodstream easily and t ravels throughout the human body affecting almost all of the tissues.Consumption of alcohol at moderate and high amounts impairs the functions of the central nervous system, acting on the spinal cord, reticular formation, on a number of neurotransmitter systems, and on the cerebellum and cerebral complex. The gravity of the impairment is dependent on the level of alcohol in the blood.Alcohol has short-term and long-term effects. These effects are influenced by various factors such as gender, age, amount of food taken, physical condition and other drugs taken.Alcohol radically impairs the judgment and coordination necessary to drive a car, even if it is taken at a small quantity. Moderate amount of alcohol can cause talkativeness and dizziness. Incidence of hostile acts like child abuse and domestic violence are also blamed to alcohol. Intake of larger amount of alcohol causes immediate nausea and vomiting, disturbed sleep, and slurred speech. Hangover – headache, dizziness, t hirst, and fatigue – is also another effect of alcohol taken in large amounts.The following illnesses are associated with long-term excessive alcohol consumption: high blood pressure and stroke, heart damage, cancers of the digestive system, liver damage, increasing risk of breast cancer, sexual impotence and reduced fertility, brain damage with mood personality changes, sleeping difficulties, and concentration and memory problems   (www.dassa.sa.gov.au).Alcoholism or alcohol dependence is another major consequence of heavy and prolonged use of alcohol. This is a chronic disease from which a person craves for alcohol.Despite the negative consequences that alcohol causes them, like marital problems, medical diseases, vehicular accidents, or loss of job, alcoholics cannot control their drinking.These persons are also unable to stop drinking once started and they become physically dependent on it.   Sudden cessation from a long period of excessive alcohol intake results to w ithdrawal symptoms, including severe anxiety, nausea, tremors, sweating, convulsions and hallucinations. Alcoholics also develop a higher alcohol tolerance, that in order to reach intoxication, they need to drink in progressive amounts.The prevalence of alcohol dependence is global and affects almost every aspects of the society. According to statistics, alcohol-dependent persons belong to homemakers, successful businessmen, laborers, skilled mechanics, and even church goers.There are roughly 76 million people around the world who suffers from alcohol-related diseases. In the United States alone, more or less 15% of the population is suffering from alcohol-related problems. . It is to be noted that America is not yet in the list of the top 10 alcohol consuming countries: 1. Portugal, 2. Luxembourg, 3.) France, 4.) Hungary, 5.) Spain, 6.) Czech Republic, 7.) Denmark, 8.) Germany, 9.) Austria, and 10.) Switzerland (www.potsdam.edu).Alcohol-related health issue is a worldwide concern. One major factor is the availability and legality of alcohol in almost every country. Despite its known health consequences, alcohol is readily available in almost every groceries and restaurants all around the world. Everyone has access to it, even the minors.In Russia, alcohol dependence is significantly prevalent. Almost more than 30% of the country’s deaths are alcohol abuse-related, directly and indirectly. The effort of the government to control alcohol manufacturing seems futile due to the widespread black market for liquor created by the locals.Countries, such as Japan, drinking is considered a requirement in business transactions, it is a mark of company loyalty. Refusing to accept a drink is regarded as an insult, especially if asked by the superior. Alcohol, not being regarded as a drug, is not of a moral issue in this country. In Tokyo alone, there are about 15,000 bars which employees considered their office extensions.The availability of alcohol is at a high rat e with the vending machines dispensing sake and beer all over the country. Currently, there are more than 3 million alcohol dependent Japanese.

Quality Improvement And Risk Management - 1381 Words

The quality department has developed this manual to introduce new employees to the basic concepts of risk and quality management within the institution. This manual meets the institution’s initiative for continuous quality improvement within each department and the opportunity to mitigate areas of risk whenever possible. In order to accomplish this goal, it is important for the new employee to be able to identify what quality improvement and risk management mean within the institution. The institution believes that when employees are aware of these concepts, decision-making processes can be put in place to reduce risk and improve quality. This manual will also review the challenges that come from risk- and quality-management decisions especially in the health care setting. The new employee will be introduced to a variety of tools available to help assess potential problems, determine whether a change is needed and how to institute these changes through informed decision m aking. 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William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night And Sheridan s The...

The theme of ‘love’ is central to the attitudes in both Shakespeare’s ‘Twelfth Night’ and Sheridan’s ‘The Rivals’. Both playwrights highlight the different kinds of love and portray these through each character’s experience with the emotion. In both plays, the complexity of love is embodied by deception which demonstrates how easily our feelings can be manipulated, which is also conveyed through comedy. Shakespeare mocks the main character’s idea’s of love by showing how the devotion that connects siblings and servants to masters prove more constant than any of the romantic bonds amongst the other characters. Throughout this piece I am going to discuss not only the techniques that are used to present the theme of love, but also how both†¦show more content†¦This not only alerts us to Orsino’s disturbing ideas about love, but also shows us how erotic desire is linked to violence and self indulgen ce. Orsino is more concerned with himself as a lover than with the object of his love, suggesting he is a narcissist; implying that with false love comes self love. â€Å"There is no woman’s sides Can bide the beating of so strong a passion† This declarative implies there is no woman strong enough to to withhold the intense passion felt by Orsino. The harsh alliterative plosives used in the violent metaphor â€Å"bide the beating† portray an almost misogynistic attitude again conveying that his ability to love is more important to him than being in love. In the opening scene, he imagines himself as the â€Å"king† of Olivia’s mind and heart which suggests a marital hierarchy rather than mutuality. This suggests that Orsino’s perceptions of love are superficial, and again enforces a misogynistic attitude. Similarly, in ‘The Rivals’, the character Lydia Languish is a creature of romantic sensibility. The alveolal laterals in her name create an alluring sound hinting at her desire for romance. One of the prominent themes in the play is that of the 18th century opposition between courtship s means and objective: falling in love and marriage. Lydia’s guardian Mrs Malaprop wishes for Lydia to have an arranged marriage; to gain